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Injectors of the wrong flow rate fitted for the engine's output variant. Manufacturers commonly build one engine in several power outputs, differing in software and injectors while sharing a part that looks identical.

The module commands opening times calibrated for the injectors it believes are fitted, so the wrong flow rate delivers the wrong quantity every time — consistently, in one direction, on every cylinder. The signature is a fuelling error that is proportional rather than erratic, with balance and correction values driven to their limits and nothing mechanically wrong. Compare the injector part numbers against the vehicle identification number, and remember these also carry individual calibration codes that must be programmed — so the wrong injector fitted correctly is still wrong.