Cause
Failed injection timing control valve
The valve that advances or retards injection timing on a pump-controlled system, failed so timing cannot be varied. The engine runs at whatever timing the valve is stuck at, which is why it produces a performance complaint rather than a failure.
Stuck retarded gives poor cold starting, white smoke and a lack of power; stuck advanced gives a harsh knocking combustion and high combustion pressure. Neither points at a valve and both are commonly diagnosed as fuelling or mechanical wear. Check the circuit first and the valve's movement second — these valves block with debris and varnish as readily as they fail electrically, and the oil or fuel feeding them is usually implicated.
Typically specialist work. Needs equipment or training most home workshops do not have.
Some of these codes mean you should stop driving
1 of the 1 codes this can cause indicate a fault where continuing to drive risks damage or is unsafe. Which one you have matters more than the cause does — read the code's own page before deciding.
Codes this can cause (1)
Codes where this is a likely explanation first, rather than merely a possible one.
Information, not instruction
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Have anything you intend to act on checked by a trained person against the manufacturer's own procedure for your vehicle. Nothing here replaces that procedure.
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