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The inertial sensor that tells stability control how the car is really moving — rotation about the vertical axis, and acceleration sideways and lengthways.

These are almost always one module rather than separate parts, mounted low and near the centre of the vehicle where the motion is cleanest. So a code naming a single axis usually means the whole assembly, and reading every stored code before ordering saves buying the wrong thing.

Two causes are specific to this kind of sensor and neither is a failed part. It must be mounted rigidly and in the correct orientation — a module loosened, disturbed by accident repair, or refitted at an angle reports real motion incorrectly while testing perfectly. And many require calibration at rest on level ground; done on a slope, the car learns a permanent error.

So the questions to ask first are what was done to the car recently, and whether anything near the sensor was removed — including seats and centre console trim, which is where it often hides.