وحدة تحكم نظام المكابح معيبة

The module that runs ABS, stability control and — on many modern cars — the electric brake booster and regenerative blending. It is the last conclusion rather than the first, because almost everything that presents as a module fault is a sensor, a supply, an earth or the fluid.

Work through those first, in cost order: brake fluid condition, the wheel speed sensors and their shared supply, the module's power and earth, then its connectors. A module reporting implausible values is usually repeating what a sensor told it.

Replacement is rarely a plug-in job. These modules are coded to the vehicle and frequently need programming, calibration of the steering angle and yaw sensors, and a scan-tool bleed afterwards — so an exchange unit fitted without those steps produces a car with the same warning lights and a larger bill.