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An object in the throttle bore fouling the plate — a fragment of a failed air filter, a broken piece of ducting, a nut or washer dropped during work, or debris drawn through an unsealed intake. It jams the throttle mechanically while every electrical test on the actuator and sensors passes.

Where it lodges decides the symptom. Something preventing the plate from closing gives a high idle and an unrequested airflow; something blocking it from opening gives a severe power limit. Either way the module reports a commanded position not achieved, and the actuator is often reported as faulty because it is drawing current against an obstruction.

Recent work upstream is the strongest clue, along with a filter housing that does not seal or a filter that has broken up. Look into the bore before doing anything else — it takes seconds with the duct off, and it is worth doing before a throttle body is condemned. Find where the object came from as well: an air filter disintegrating will send more through, and the next piece may reach the engine rather than stopping at the throttle.