Toyota T24A-FTS

Toyota's 2.4-litre turbocharged four, and the engine that replaced the naturally aspirated V6 across much of the range — the Lexus NX 350 and TX, the Highlander, Grand Highlander and Crown.

The version to identify first is Hybrid MAX, which pairs this engine with an electric rear axle and a much more aggressive control strategy than Toyota's usual hybrids. A driveability complaint on a Hybrid MAX car is a question about the hybrid system before it is a question about the engine, and a procedure written for the plain turbo does not describe it.

Do not carry over what has been written about the V35A twin-turbo V6. That is a different engine with its own well-publicised programme, and the two are easy to conflate because they arrived together and replaced the same V6s.

Being recent, its long-term failure patterns are not established, which is worth stating rather than filling with speculation. The systems generating faults so far are the ones carrying the most sensors — the turbocharger's control circuit, the emissions equipment, and on Hybrid MAX cars the interaction between engine control and the hybrid strategy.