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Cause

Failed control module output driver

The transistor stage inside a control module that switches an actuator has failed. It is the least common explanation for most circuit codes and should be the last conclusion, not the first — the wiring and the actuator are both far more likely and both far cheaper.

But the reason it matters is what usually kills it. These drivers switch inductive loads — injectors, solenoids, relays, heaters — and every switch dumps the collapsing magnetic field back into the driver. They run hot and stressed by design. When one fails, the common cause is a short in the load it was driving: a shorted injector, a glow plug that has failed short, a solenoid with a broken-down winding.

Which is the practical point: measure the actuator before replacing the module. A new module fitted into the same short destroys its driver too, and that is an expensive way to learn what the meter would have shown in a minute.

Failures are usually one output at a time rather than the whole module, so the pattern is faults on one or two circuits while everything else works normally. Expect a replacement module to need programming and coding, and on some vehicles to hold calibration data that must be transferred with it.

Typically specialist work. Needs equipment or training most home workshops do not have.

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Some of these codes mean you should stop driving

2 of the 11 codes this can cause indicate a fault where continuing to drive risks damage or is unsafe. Which one you have matters more than the cause does — read the code's own page before deciding.

Codes this can cause (11)

Codes where this is a likely explanation first, rather than merely a possible one.

Information, not instruction

CarGeek is a reference, not a service manual. Its pages are written from public sources and from what other people have found, never from a manufacturer's own service information, so they can be wrong or incomplete for your particular vehicle. Some of what they describe carries real risk: high voltage, fuel under pressure, stored energy, hot and moving parts.

Have anything you intend to act on checked by a trained person against the manufacturer's own procedure for your vehicle. Nothing here replaces that procedure.

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