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Braking, Steering and Suspension

The chassis hardware the driver actually steers and stops with, and the electronics layered over it. The consistent thing worth knowing about this system is that the electronics sit on top of a mechanical arrangement rather than replacing it: the brakes are hydraulic underneath the anti-lock valves, and the steering rack is mechanically connected underneath the assistance motor. So a failure here usually removes help rather than function — which is why the car still stops and still steers, and why what has actually been lost only shows up at the moment it was needed.

341 codes · 18 components

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Components

Trouble codes

High 31
Moderate 85

Information, not instruction

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